Unit Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Unit Journal - Essay Example Indeed, the economic integration through liberalization of trade and de-regulation by the states has redefined global economy in terms of inter-dependency of resources. Most importantly, it is designed towards more equitable distribution of resources vis-Ã  -vis goods and human capital across the geographical boundaries. Role of non state actors is emphasized in conflict resolution, negotiation process and raising issues that influence common interests like international peace, environment and sustainable development, human rights, financial aid etc. The barriers in cooperation develop due to exigencies and political dichotomy within the states and nexus between goals of non state actors and international trade (Gourevitch, 2002). The external factors like socio-economic, political and environment have huge impact on trade. They create a nexus between the non state actors and issues that considerably impact civil society. Stiglitz (2007) says that interests of nations are compromised by the American hegemony in the international financial institutes like World Bank and IMF. NGOs mostly use social concerns to influence international trade policies and methods of operations. As such, major barrier to cooperation occurs when the wider interests of the society are threatened by the vested interests of the few like TNCs and international agencies and financial institutions which are influenced by powerful nations like America. (words: 302) Within the broader precinct of security, the national and international policies that address the factors which are threat to people and climate, have emerged as vital issues in international relations. Climate security is intrinsically linked to human security (ipcc, 2008). The limited natural resources like water, land and fresh air are being taken for granted with scarce regard for

European Human Rights Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

European Human Rights Protection - Essay Example The security of the European Union member country may be justified to restrict individual human rights at time even derogating from some of them. This may take effects under the following circumstances. (Boyles, 2005) European Union member nations can apply derogations in the abolishing of a peaceful licensed demonstration if they feel that the demonstration is going to be a menace to the well being of the society or the nation at large. European Member countries have power to deport a person (foreigner) on the ground that their presence in Europe is a threat to the national security. But the law provides that the individual can be deported after a certain time. European member countries can ignore the issue of time and deport that person immediately if they feel the person (foreigners) is a threat to their country. In cases of terrorism act like in the case of September 11th 2001 terrorism attack European member countries can employ their military machinery to help them in wiping out the terrorist. European member countries can also detain people who are being suspected to be terrorist while interrogating them without taking into account the number of days stipulated in the law that a suspect is supposed to take before being taken into a court for prosecution. (Mokhtar, 2004) Guarantee of some fair tr... (Mokhtar, 2004) . Guarantee of some fair trails, as long as it is not conflicting with other human treaties. However only situation should be the only driving factor that should determine weather a person will be granted a fair trail or weather he won't. Proportionality principle calls for a reasonably light abolition of obligations that is to emergency situation in a country. A suspect can be denied is right to access his lawyer or family during detention. The right of liberty is amongst those which are usually ignored during emergency In order to respond to a crisis or a threat to the citizens, member countries may 'shy away' from the rights of the individual, that are recognized by the law. For example when an individual has committed an act of terrorism, the Government may hold him for a long time as long as they want before bringing to the court. (Boyles, 2005) European member states may derogate when facing situations which poses a danger that put the life of the country in danger. Putting life of the nation in danger implies that: the situation is affecting the entire population or a very large part of the country which cannot be neglected, the situation poses a serious threat to the integrity of the citizens of the members of the European countries, the independence (political) of the member country or interfere with the functioning of public utilities or institutions. Before applying Derogation, the member country has to access the situation on the ground. The situation should meet the standards set down by the European Union like being a threat to the member countries citizen before declaring Derogation state. The declaration has

Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Outsourcing - Essay Example Subsequently, organizations attempting to compete globally in the 1970s and 1980s were handicapped by a lack of agility that resulted from bloated management structures (Corbett, 1996). However, most organisations were not totally self sufficient; they outsourced those functions for which they had no competency internally. Publishers, for example, have often purchased composition, printing, and fulfillment services. The use of external suppliers for these essential but ancillary services might be termed the baseline stage in the evolution of outsourcing. The main business purpose for outsourcing is to enhance the value of an organization's offerings to its customers (Earl, 1996). In the electronics industry, increased market competition identifies continuous adjustment and improvement in the production lines, outsourcing and supply chain management of companies. Interdependence and participation of suppliers and manufacturers in product design, innovation, as well as research and development characterize the current international business environment resulting to market volatility (Sobrero & Roberts, 2001; Appleyard, 2003). These organizations usually share proprietary corporate data with external suppliers and partners while ensuring maximum security to enhance efficiency across the product lifecycle by streamlining procurement, production, fulfilment, and distribution processes (Katsikeas, Schlegelmilch & Skarmeas, 2002) which requires integration of applications and data across multiple geographically dispersed supply chain partners, as well as internal integration with legacy systems (Katsikeas, Schlegelmilch & Skarmeas, 2002; Appleyard, 2003). Benefits Outsourcing manufacturing is one of vital business and supply chain strategies which are one way companies are revolutionising business operations to deliver better products faster at lowest cost possible (Domberger, 1998). It is a kind of supply chain collaboration model and strategic alliance approach, which allows the OEMs to concentrate on product development, sales and marketing (Bounfour, 2003). It eventually helps business organisations to gain competitive advantage of increased product availability, reduced inventory; minimized total logistics cost and rapidly introduce their product to market without a significant investment in plans for capital equipment (Arnold, 2000). Normally, there are two types of outsourced services, technology and business process. Each can be inert partial to the subsequent areas. The first type of outsourcing is the technology services. This type covers the electronic commerce (e-commerce), infrastructure (networks), software (applications), telecommunications and website development and hosting. The second type of outsourcing is the business process outsourcing. Under this type of outsourcing are customer contacts (customer relations management), equipment, finance/accounting, human resources, logistics, procurement/supply chain management and security. Lee et al (2002) stated that there have three major outsourcing drivers: (a) economic - expense reductions, cost control and

Private Security Companies of Hostile Countries Coursework

Private Security Companies of Hostile Countries - Coursework Example Though overall security responsibility of people is taken up by occupying forces, the militants target the private and government organisations that help in development of infrastructure and organisations that help in economic development. Thus they try to distort the development activities that help in rebuilding the country. The important objectives of the expatriate security companies are to offer training for local police and to give security for private and governmental organisations as the police and military forces in Iraq are not in adequate number to protect them. Even the international organisations like UN offices that are helping in rebuilding of Iraq, voluntary organisations and MNC companies need security from the militants. To meet the above-mentioned requirements, the expatriate security companies have to train local police and maintain security personnel for the protection of private as well as government and international facilities. The important issue is about rec ruiting personnel that can provide security to the organisations, who are clients of the security companies. The recruitment will be of two types. Recruiting expatriates (westerners) and recruiting local people. However, both the above options have their own drawbacks. The recruitment of westerners costs more for the company but assures efficient services. In the contrast, the recruitment of the locals may result in less expenditure for the company regarding salaries but may not result in adequate security as the locals are more prone to the relations with militants as well as they are more familiar with the surroundings. Consequently, the recruitment of locals in to the security companies in countries like Iraq and their reliability in security operations is the point of discussion in this paper. Hence, the recruitment of expatriates comes to the fore when the security companies find that there are no sufficient locals fit for the security operations. Research Hypothesis: Do expatriates can fill the security vacuum in countries like Iraq by recruiting local personnel Do the training given by the companies to local police is enough in providing the much needed security to people, organisations and the companies in countries like Iraq Methodology The information necessary for the assignment

Contemporary vs. traditional of architecture design Essay

Contemporary vs. traditional of architecture design - Essay Example 3. Technology as an expression of architects is an extremely important theme. B. Traditional Architecture 1. Traditional architectural styles tend to focus on Greco-Roman aesthetics 2. Frank Lloyd Wright is an architect that married traditional architectural naturalism with modern elements that can be discussed in terms of the growing industrialism of the time. 3. Wright can be seen as part of the transition between naturalism and the Greco-Roman ideal to a more industrialized vision of architectural style. C. Architecture and Modern Life 1. One of the ways in which the development of modern identities has occurred is through the reflection of the post-industrial world in modern architecture. 2. An example of a building that was constructed in order to establish the Indian identity and create a modern example of the new economic position that India was creating was Chandigarh build by Le Corbusier. 3. India can also provide the debate against the homogenization of architectural style . 4. Most cultures are embracing the new aesthetics in architecture, however, and are supporting the construction of symbols of consumerism within their nations III. Conclusion Contemporary Architecture versus Traditional Architectural Design Name Class Date Contemporary Architecture versus Traditional Architectural Design Introduction Contemporary architectural design is a reflection of the post-industrial world with buildings being designed and constructed that reflect the modern, digital age. Contemporary architecture reflects a complexity in its design, integrating the need for sustainability and environmental responsibility through the appeal of technological solutions to those problems. Traditional architecture is typically reflective of the order and symmetry that can be found in Greco-Roman design influences, using natural materials and integrating the natural world into the works. Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright can be shown to be a bridge between the traditional elem ents and the contemporary aesthetics with industrialized lines being expressed through the use of natural materials as opposed to steel and concrete. One of the problems with contemporary architecture, however, is that it is having a homogenizing effect as cities around the world are embracing the same types of post-industrial aesthetics as are found in Western, primarily American, urban centers. This has created a melding of cultures so that one city is almost indistinguishable from the next and culture identity has become all but washed away. Despite this effect, the homogenization of cities across the world is representative of the emergence of cultures from colonialism, their European conquerors now gone and their independence placing them in a position to have a space within the world economy. Although there are still some modern architects who embrace traditional styles of design, most modern, urban dwellers are embracing the post-industrial aesthetics of contemporary architec ture as it represents independence and economic power in the new world economy. Contemporary Design Author Kiel Moe (2008) identifies the concepts that support contemporary design for its complexity, composition, and integration. He discusses the integration of complex systems that begin at the design stage where clients, construction teams and the architect all evaluate how the system of the build needs to work and extends that to how the environment and the systems supporting that environment and work together in a post-modern world

Personal Opinion on the Palsgraf Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Opinion on the Palsgraf Case - Essay Example Therefore, Palsgraf brought forward a personal injury complaint against the Long Island Rail road that made an appeal to courts judgment that was in favour of the plaintiff. The ruling was avowed on the appeal, and the defendant appealed (Farlex, 2013). Therefore, to my opinion, the railroad guards were wrong in relation to the individual carrying the parcel but not in regards to Palsgraf who was standing at a far distance. Additionally, no one was aware that the packages had fireworks and that they could cause harm if they were to be dropped. No one could also have thought that Palsgraf who was standing at a far zone was out of danger and that he could be harmed. On the other hand, an issue of negligence was also mentioned by Palsgraf as he tried to sue the guards involved in the incidence (4LawSchool, 2001). Personally, to spot the act of negligence, there should be a discovery that an obligation was first owed and contravened and that the damage could have been shunned in the case where the defendant was following that particular duty. The course of the peril or rather the risk associated with the danger is the one which a rational person would have foreseen. On the other hand, even though the guard had taken the package and thrown it intentionally, it would have not caused a threat on Palsgraf safety looking at it from the appearance of the circumstance to a rational person. The liability of the Long Island Railroad towards an inadvertent action would have not been greater than it was especially on the case where the act was deliberate. There is tendacy to argue that each and every individual owes to the world a duty of abstaining from the actions that may threaten the wellbeing of other people in an unreasonable manner. In the attempt to determine the approximate cause of the incidence, the court must have asked whether there was a natural or an incessant series between the effect and the cause. The court had the same pressure of not to argue whether the a ct was reasonably expected to cause injury to any individual (Manz, 2005). Additionally, the court was expected to consider the fact that the greater the distance existing between the cause and effect in both space and time, the greater the probability that the other grounds intervene to cause an effect to the outcome. In this case there was no kind of remoteness in terms of time and space and therefore injury was meant to take place in some form. It is also to my view that the issue of proximate cause is just a practical politics, which is not founded on judgment. Proximate cause implies that due to expediency of the public strategy regarding to an uneven sense of impartiality, the law subjectively declines to hunt for a series of happenings beyond a given level (Lawnix, 2008). The natural and the foreseeable outcomes of the negligent deeds influence the determination of deciding whether a given act can be termed as a proximate cause of the damages. It is paramount to adopt the pri nciple that states that negligent behaviour that ends up in injury results into being a liability in the case where the actor had the chance to reasonably foresee that the behaviour could result to injury. In the Cardozo opinion, the court decided that the defendant’s guards could not have predicted the likelihood of the injury on Palsgraf and thus no duty to him was breached either. The obligation to practice care is owed to everyone and thus the acts of carelessness will definitely put the actor to accountability to each and every individual who is approximately injured by the incidence. Whether the harm is

Indian Philosophy. What Is Indian Philosophy Essay

Indian Philosophy. What Is Indian Philosophy - Essay Example The main consideration is that, the practical drive of Indian Philosophy is motivated by the view that human life is full of suffering. Human beings suffer in their journey to realize actual truth about their life. Despite of many sufferings, Indian philosophy brings into light the importance of worship and meditation to achieve peace and liberty provided by the Supreme Being. Indian philosophy is strongly spiritual and emphasizes the need of realizing the truth about life. The philosophy aims at achieving the knowledge of truth. It helps human beings to attain instinctive vision of reality and perception of truth, which leads to actual realization. According to Datta (571), Indian philosophy is intimately linked with religious facts. For instance, Indians believe on the fact that existence does not come from non-existence. In other words, there is nothing in this world comes out of nothing. There is a supreme being who is sole cause and source of the universes. This contradicts with Descartes who in his philosophy believed that all philosophy do not start with God’s scripture. Descartes believed that all philosophy should start with the argument â€Å"I think I am†. Descartes assumed that existence occur in the essence of being perfect being without believing in the essence of finite thing. This follows that; the existence of human beings should not be compared with God’s existence. Secondly, most of Indian philosophies are derived from Vedas principles. Basically, these principles explore that just as a seed flourishes one time, human beings have all knowledge to become the best. The Vedas principles guide human beings to live in peace with one another and life in reference with the fear of Supreme Being. The principles guide human beings to live a life that is fulfilling in the spiritual realm. Indian philosophy accepts the principles and authority of Veda. Therefore, human beings are unable to seek realization and truth openly and freel y. This contradicts with the Western philosophers who believe in having complete freedom to do and act the way one wishes. Indian philosophy rejects the notion of doing things as per one’s desires and wishes but as per principles that guide human beings to live in harmony with one another. The nature of man depends on the nature of reality and his destiny. The Indian’s philosophy affirms that man is not an animal or plant, but a spiritual and thinking being set to accomplish his dreams and goals for higher purposes. Human beings should strive to live an integrated life that honours the maker. The accepted position in Indian Philosophy provides steps of obtaining truth to life. First, human beings are encouraged to read and hear the truth from a book or a teacher. Secondly, it is crucial to apply what one has heard or read in search for truth. Thirdly, human beings should meditate on the teachings and truth taught in books or by teachers. Indian philosophy values the co ncept of meditation as one that seize and motivates human beings to have a peace of mind and live in peace with another. According to Datta (571), Indian philosophy depends on direct and mystical experience. Indian philosophy is concerned with norms and values that relate to religion. However, western philosophy relates to the notion of science and nature, and in most cases it is concerned with facts. The doctrine or principle of inwardness is a major concern for Indian philosophy. Specifically, Indian philosophy is mainly concerned with the aspect of changing man’s mind rather than changing the world in which human being live. The whole aspect points out on the importance of changing the mindset to succeed and achieve the best in life. Based on this analysis, one would argue that Indian philosophy